Claims for disability benefits among young people with ADHD and autism are rising fastest in some of England’s wealthiest areas, reversing the traditional link between disability and deprivation. The Nuffield Trust says wealthier families may have better access to diagnosis, private assessments and help navigating the benefits system, although increased awareness may also contribute.

More than 205,400 people aged 16 to 24 receive Personal Independence Payment (PIP) for disabilities linked to ADHD or autism. In areas including Runnymede, Bracknell Forest, Hart and Wokingham, rates have risen sharply since 2019, while claims increased 28% faster in England’s least deprived areas than its poorest. PIP depends on substantial difficulties with everyday activities or mobility, not diagnosis alone, amid concerns over NHS waiting lists and possible misdiagnosis by private providers.