Scientists have found that postmenopausal ovaries remain biologically active rather than becoming inert. Their changing molecular profiles suggest they may continue influencing whole-body health and ageing, although researchers do not yet know whether these effects are beneficial, harmful or both. The findings challenge the traditional view of the ovary as an organ whose importance ends with fertility.

Postmenopausal ovaries continue producing hormones including testosterone and small amounts of oestrogen, which may support libido, bones, muscles and brain function. Studies link ovary removal—especially before natural menopause—with higher risks of dementia, cardiovascular disease and premature death, while brain-imaging research associates higher postmenopausal oestrogen levels with better memory-circuit function. However, the ovary’s precise contribution, and how long its importance persists, remain uncertain; removal may still be justified for women at high risk of ovarian cancer.