Tens of thousands of people demonstrated in cities across Spain, including Madrid, Barcelona and Ceuta, to protest against prime minister Pedro Sanchez's handling of a migrant crisis in the North African enclave of Ceuta. Opposition parties, including the conservative Partido Popular and far-right Vox, accused the government of abandoning Ceuta's residents and called for Sanchez's resignation, while disputes continue over whether Moroccan authorities facilitated the mass border crossing.

At least 72,000 migrants crossed from Morocco into Ceuta on 30 and 31 July, and although most have since returned, up to 5,000 people, including 1,200 children, remain in makeshift camps. Sanchez raised the official death toll to 141, a sharp increase from a previous estimate of 96, and said his government would release key reports on the crisis without specifying when. PP leader Alberto Nunez Feijoo addressed a Madrid rally attended by more than 50,000 people, accusing the government of allowing a Spanish city to be "invaded and occupied", while a rival gathering in Barcelona led police to intervene amid clashes.