The article examines the prospect of a UK “death day”, when annual deaths exceed births, and considers the possible economic consequences. It argues that a shrinking, ageing population could strain public finances and increase debt, while also potentially creating opportunities through higher wages, productivity gains and changes in how the economy is organised.

The issue is linked to falling birth rates, longer life expectancy and the growing cost of pensions, healthcare and social care. The article presents competing views: one warning that fewer working-age taxpayers will have to support more retirees, and another suggesting that labour shortages and investment in automation could encourage a more productive economy.