Andy Burnham, Britain's new prime minister, is set to face the same unresolved dilemmas in the UK-EU relationship that confronted his predecessors, with an EU-UK summit scheduled for the autumn expected to bring these tensions into focus. Although European leaders including Ursula von der Leyen and Friedrich Merz have offered warm congratulations and invitations, analysts note that Burnham remains largely unknown in Brussels, which some see as a potential advantage, while EU officials are chiefly concerned with whether he will maintain the trajectory on defence, security and economic cooperation set under Keir Starmer.

Burnham has previously said he would like to see Britain rejoin the EU within his lifetime, but has downplayed this as a near-term priority, particularly given his experience in the leave-voting seat of Makerfield. Since entering No 10 he has held early calls with von der Leyen, Merz and Emmanuel Macron, and reshuffled his top team, appointing Hamish Falconer as Europe minister in place of Nick Thomas-Symonds and reinstating Jonathan Reynolds as business secretary. Outstanding issues include stalled youth mobility talks, a looming 10% tariff on car exports between the UK and EU, and the unresolved question of UK participation in the EU's €150bn defence loans scheme.