Court of appeal clears way for Gatwick’s second runway
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Gatwick airport has cleared its final legal hurdle to build a second runway, after the court of appeal dismissed a challenge from local campaigners against an earlier high court ruling backing the scheme. The £2.2bn project, approved by transport secretary Heidi Alexander in September 2025, brings to an end an eight-year planning and legal process and clears the way for construction to begin. Separately, a parallel expansion battle over Luton airport has also concluded, with the supreme court dismissing Luton Rising's final appeal against a high court ruling that upheld Alexander's approval of its growth plans, meaning both major London airport expansions are now legally settled.
Gatwick's scheme involves repositioning its existing emergency runway for routine use by short-haul passenger flights, adding around 100,000 flights and 13 million passengers a year, with operations hoped to start as early as 2030. The government has also pledged over £219m for green fuel production to offset the environmental impact. At Luton, capacity is set to rise from 19 million to 32 million passengers annually by the mid-2040s, with the airport promising up to 11,000 new jobs and £1.5bn in extra annual economic activity, alongside controls on noise, emissions and air quality. Campaigners, including Gatwick Area Conservation Campaign chair Peter Barclay, expressed disappointment, warning the rulings lock in aviation's climate, noise and pollution impacts.
- Gatwick wins final legal battle to build second runway
- £2.2bn project could add 100,000 flights yearly by 2030
- Luton's separate expansion challenge also dismissed by supreme court
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Gatwick, near London, is Britain's second busiest airport. For years it has wanted a second runway to handle more flights, but the plan needed government approval and then survived legal challenges from campaigners before it could go ahead.
The scheme doesn't involve building a brand new runway from scratch. Instead, an existing emergency runway, currently only used as a backup, will be adjusted slightly so it can be used regularly by short-haul passenger planes. The £2.2bn project was approved by the transport secretary last September, and supporters say it will allow around 100,000 extra flights and 13 million more passengers a year, with opening pencilled in for as early as 2030.
The expansion has been contested by environmental and local community groups, who worry about the impact on noise, air pollution, congestion and climate emissions, arguing these effects were not properly assessed. The government, meanwhile, sees it as part of a wider push to grow UK aviation capacity, alongside investment in green aviation fuel intended to offset some of the extra emissions. A similar expansion at Luton airport has also recently overcome its own legal hurdles.
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The case for
Supporters argue that expanding Gatwick meets clear, growing demand for air travel while making efficient use of an existing runway rather than building on new land, delivering economic benefits including jobs, connectivity and £2.2bn of investment with relatively modest additional infrastructure. They point to the accompanying £219m commitment to green fuel production as evidence that growth and decarbonisation can be pursued together, and see the eight-year legal process, culminating in courts twice upholding the decision, as proof the scheme has been rigorously and fairly scrutinised. For them, this represents sensible, democratically sanctioned national infrastructure policy that boosts Britain's global connectivity and economic competitiveness.
The case against
Campaigners contend that adding 100,000 flights a year runs directly counter to the UK's climate commitments, and that reliance on green fuel investment understates the scale of emissions a near-25% capacity increase will bring, arguing the climate assessment underpinning approval was inadequate. They also raise the concrete, immediate costs to residents near the airport: increased noise, air pollution and road congestion from millions more passengers, borne by local communities while broader benefits are dispersed nationally. For them, the case reflects a deeper concern that growth-focused aviation policy is being pushed through despite unresolved environmental and quality-of-life impacts, using legal and regulatory processes that favour large infrastructure projects over local and ecological objections.
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Originally published by The Guardian as “Gatwick airport to open second runway after legal challenge fails”.