Satellite imagery indicates that Iranian and Houthi attacks have caused further damage to Amazon data centres in Bahrain and targeted Saudi oil infrastructure, signalling an escalation in the regional war involving the US, Gulf states and Iran-aligned forces. The attacks matter because they disrupt cloud services for Middle Eastern customers and could threaten globally significant oil-export routes.

Iran’s Revolutionary Guard said it used cruise missiles against Amazon facilities in Zallaq and Askar on 21 July; analysts verified signs of strikes but could not establish the full scale of damage. Three Amazon data centres in the UAE and Bahrain had already been hit on 1 March, with AWS advising customers to move workloads elsewhere, while Houthi attacks on 25 July followed a declared blockade of Saudi Red Sea oil exports near the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.