Pauline Hanson clarified that One Nation’s proposed annual migration cap of 130,000 would apply only to permanent migrants eligible for citizenship, after MP David Farley appeared to suggest the party’s position was close to Labor’s. The clarification matters because it distinguishes permanent migration from temporary visas, a central point in One Nation’s criticism of population growth, housing pressure and infrastructure demand.

Hanson said temporary workers, including those in the PALM scheme, would sit outside the cap, while arguing Australia has about three million visa holders and should reduce foreign student numbers. Nationals leader Matt Canavan said the Coalition would set a detailed target before the next election, with migration intended to remain below housing construction; he also criticised One Nation for confusion over its proposed figure.