Seven Ethiopian rebel groups have announced a coalition called the Alliance for Survival, aiming to remove Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed’s government. The alliance brings together forces from several regions and could intensify Ethiopia’s existing conflicts, while raising fears that the country could fragment or return to full-scale civil war.

Its members include Fano in Amhara, the Oromo Liberation Army and the Tigray People’s Liberation Front, alongside four smaller groups from Ogaden, Afar and Benishangul-Gumuz. Ethiopia has endured prolonged conflict in Amhara and Oromia, while tensions have resurfaced in Tigray after a 2022 peace agreement ended a war that killed hundreds of thousands and displaced millions. The government has not responded to the alliance’s announcement, but Abiy has previously said Ethiopia’s defensive capabilities could protect its sovereignty.