The EU’s Right to Repair directive has formally come into force across the bloc, aiming to make products easier and more affordable to fix rather than replace. It matters because it could reduce waste, strengthen consumer rights and encourage manufacturers to design more repairable devices and appliances.

Manufacturers must provide repairs within a reasonable time and at a reasonable price, publish free repair manuals and clearly state spare-parts prices; a repair can also extend a product’s legal warranty by one year. The rules cover major household appliances, smartphones, tablets, servers, e-bikes and e-scooters, although many member states have yet to transpose the directive into national law, so practical changes may take months.