President Trump has made claims about noncitizens appearing on voter rolls, but has not publicly provided enough underlying data to assess their accuracy or scale. The uncertainty is significant because the claims may be used to question election results or support tougher federal involvement in election administration ahead of the midterm elections.

The article examines concerns that voter-roll data could be matched against immigration records in ways that produce false matches, potentially leading eligible citizens to be challenged or removed. Research and past reviews have generally found illegal voting by noncitizens to be rare, while critics warn that unsubstantiated allegations could undermine confidence in the electoral process.