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Iran’s shadow operations stretch across Europe as chilling spy convictions expose Tehran’s reach
Two Iranian men have been convicted in Britain of conducting surveillance on journalists and other critics of Tehran, in a case authorities say exposes the reach of Iranian intelligence operations abroad. The verdicts come amid separate allegations of Iran-linked plots in the United States and Europe, and French accusations that the Revolutionary Guard was behind a cyberattack on food infrastructure.
Prosecutors said Mostafa Sepahvand and Farhad Javadi Manesh monitored targets between August 2024 and March 2025, including journalists at Iran International and a figure associated with UK Lawyers for Israel. Sepahvand was also convicted of preparing for serious violence; Manesh was cleared of that charge, and a third defendant was acquitted. In France, investigators say hackers altered refrigeration settings at about 700 retail sites, spoiling food and contributing to at least 15 reported fires; Iran denies the allegations.
In short
- Two Iranian men were convicted of spying on critics in Britain.
- One defendant was also convicted of preparing serious violence.
- France alleges an Iran-linked cyberattack hit refrigeration at 700 sites.
Cybersecurity Europe Middle East Technology UK World