Millions celebrate Diwali across India amid worsening air pollution

Millions of people across India are marking Diwali, the Hindu festival of lights, with prayers, family gatherings, sweets and homes and streets lit by oil lamps and colourful decorations. The festival celebrates the return of Lord Ram to Ayodhya and the triumph of good over evil, light over darkness and knowledge over ignorance.

This year’s festivities come as air pollution worsens in northern India: Delhi is experiencing its most polluted Diwali in a decade, and Mumbai has also had high pollution levels. India’s Supreme Court has allowed certified “green” firecrackers in Delhi and nearby areas for a limited period; they are designed to produce 20–30% fewer emissions, though critics question their effectiveness and whether conventional fireworks can be kept out. Diwali celebrations began on 6 November and span five days, with Sikhs and Jains marking their own religious observances during the period.